Preheat the oven to 375F. Ready a 9" cast iron skillet or an oven proof Dutch oven. You'll need two sheets of parchment paper as well. Plump the raisins in a small bowl of hot water.
In a large mixing bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt.
4 cup Flour, 2 tablespoon Sugar, 1 teaspoon Baking soda, 1 tablespoon Baking powder, ½ teaspoon Salt
Cut in the butter until completely mixed into a somewhat coarse textured, sandy mixture, and make a well in the center of the bowl.
½ cup Butter
Add 1 cup of the buttermilk, reserving the rest for later, drained raisins, and the egg to the flour. Mix the egg and butter milk together, adding the flour to the mixture as you stir. Continue mixing until the flour is completely blended in.
1¼ cup Buttermilk, 1 large Egg, ½ cup Raisins
Turn the dough out onto a lightly floured surface and knead lightly, folding the dough over about four time, and shape into a round loaf.
Lay the two pieces of parchment paper over each other in opposite directions and place the ball of dough in the middle and score the top of the dough with an X.
Carefully lift the dough ball by the parchment paper and set into the Dutch oven, or in the cast iron skillet. Brush the top with half the remaining buttermilk and melted butter.
¼ cup Butter
Bake the bread for about 50 minutes, basting with the remaining buttermilk mixture halfway through the baking process.
Once the soda bread cools, slice into 8 wedges, or slice, and serve.